STANFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
  



The Unsettled Plain
An Environmental History of the Late Ottoman Frontier
Chris Gratien

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Contents
Introduction
1 Upland Empire: The Indigenous Ecology of Ottoman Cilicia
2 The Stench of Progress: Ecology and Settlement on the Ottoman Frontier, 1856–78
3 Second Nature in the Second Egypt: Capital, Ecology, and Intercommunality in Late Ottoman Cilicia, 1878–1914
4 Fallowed Years: War, Environment, and the End of Empire, 1914–23
5 A Modern Life of Transhumance: Change and Continuity in the Republic of Turkey, 1923–56